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Advanced Photovoltaic Technology, September 2010

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Advanced Photovoltaic Technology, September 2010
(Dye Sensitized, Organic/Polymer, Nanowire, Quantum Dot, Quantum Well, Biological)

This report discusses the latest advances in dye sensitized solar cell and waveguide technology as well as improvements in the conversion efficiency and absorptivity of organic/polymer solar cells. The use of fullerenes, both C60 and carbon nanotubes, in photovoltaics is reported along with a number of reports of silicon nanowire absorbers and absorbers of other materials. Quantum dot use as a light absorber was discussed including effects of different materials and sizes of QD. The various reports of multiple excitons in quantum dot materials is discussed. The new reports of quantum well devices were explored along with other strained material announcements. 80+ pages.

Table of Contents - Advanced Photovoltaic Technology, September 2010
(Dye Sensitized, Organic/Polymer, Nanowire, Quantum Dot, Quantum Well, Biological)

Executive Summary
Table of Figures and Tables

• Figure 2.4.1 Schematic of Tandem DSC Made of Stacked n-DSC and p-DSC
• Figure 2.9.1 Infrared Sensitive Fiber Optic DSC
• Figure 2.16.1 Schematic Cross-Section of the AIST Tandem Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
• Figure 3.1.1.1 Several Historical Types of Organic Solar Cells
• Figure 3.1.2.1 Illustration of Bulk Heterostructure Cell PV Mechanism
• Figure 3.1.2.2 Regular Structure of Bulk Heterojunction Cells
• Figure 3.1.3.1 Improved Exciton Disassociation Due to Self-Assembling Monolayer
• Figure 3.1.7.1 Workfunction Difference and LUMO-HOMO in A Polymer PV Cell
• Figure 3.1.11.1 Schematic Cross-Section of Organic PV Cell
• Figure 4.1.1 Illustration DSSC with Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Layer in DS TiO2
• Figure 4.7.1 Vertical Carbon Nanotubes with CdTe and CdS to Form Solar Cells
• Figure 5.1.1 Illustration of Vertical Pillar Growth and Transfer from Reusable Substrate
• Figure 5.2.1 The Vertical Pillar Silicon Nanowires are Illustrated in the Following Figure
• Figure 5.3.1 Flexible Silicon Wire Solar Cell with High Quantum Efficiency
• Figure 5.4.1 Schematic of Thin Film Silicon SC with Nanocone & Silicon Nanopillar Arrays
• Figure 5.5.1 Co-Integration of Silicon Microwires and Tapered Nanowires for a PV Device
• Figure 5.6.1 CrissCrossed Silicon Nanorod Solar Cells
• Figure 5.8.1 Organic Photovoltaic Wires
• Figure 6.1.1 Production Technique for Metal Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes
• Figure 6.2.1 Schematic Cross-Section of Solar Cell with Spiny Absorbers.
• Figure 7.1.3.1 Colloidal PdSe NC with Oleic Acid Cap on TiO2 Electron Acceptor.
• Figure 7.2.3 Tandem Dye Sensitized Solar Concentrator
• Figure 7.2.5.1 Smaller Nanodots Absorb Shorter Wavelength Light than Larger Nanodots
• Figure 7.3.1.1 Polymer Solar Cell using Coated Ag Nanoparticles to Increase Light Absorption,
• Figure 9.1.1 Material Stack Using in Strain Balancing Process
• Figure 9.1.2 Multi-Junction Strain Balancing Process
• Figure 9.1.1 Schematic of Nanospears of Zinc Oxide Growing out of Silicon
• Figure 11.2.1 Silicon Solar Cell using Diffused Radial p-n junction Nanoholes

1.0 Overview of Advanced Photovoltaic Technology

2.0 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Technology

• 2.1 Introduction to Current Technology of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
• 2.2 Improving Interfacial Contact in DSSC between the TiO2 and TCO (Yonsei University)
• 2.3 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with 3D Photonic Crystals(Cambridge U. & TU Munchen)
• 2.4 Tandem DSC by Stacking n-DSC & p-DSC (Monash U., Wollongong U and Ulm U.)
• 2.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Coated on Optical Cable (Georgia Tech)
• 2.6 Light Weight Organic Dye Solar Cells on Flexible Foil (Heliatek)
• 2.7 Improving Efficiency of DSSC using Poyphyrins (NIAST and various Universities)
• 2.8 High Conversion Efficiency Multiple Color Dye Sensitized Thin Film Cells (KIST)
• 2.9 Fiber Optic TCO-less Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell for Infrared (Kyushi Int. of Tech)
• 2.10 Diatoms with TiO2 Shells and Dye to Increase Efficiency(Oregon & Portland State U.)
• 2.11 Gyroid Shaped Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (Various Universities)
• 2.12 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells on Steel Sheeting for BIPV (Dyesol)
• 2.13 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (G24 Innovations, U.K.)
• 2.14 Organic Solar Cells Using Plexcore Materials and Inks (Plextronics)
• 2.15 Paint-On Glass Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
• 2.16 Tandem Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell for Wide Spectral Range (AIST, Japan)
• 2.17 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells on flexible stainless steel sheets (U. of Helsinki)
• 2.18 Dye Sensitized Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing (Peccell Technologies)
• 2.19 Dye Based PV With Platinum Nanodots and Organic Dye(Orion Solar, Bar-Ilan Univ.)
• 2.20 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells using Nanoparticles and Nanowires (Ohio State U.)
• 2.21 High Efficiency Organic Dye Sensitized Solar Material (Chinese Academy of Science)

3.0 Organic Polymer Solar Cells

• 3.1 Organic Polymer Solar Cell Technology
  • 3.1.1 Overview and Background on Organic Solar Cell Technology
  • 3.1.2 Model for Improving Efficiency of Polymer Solar Cells (Purdue University)
  • 3.1.3 Improved QE of ZnO-Polymer Solar Cell by Self-Assembled Monolayer (Cambridge)
  • 3.1.4 Organic Acceptor to Replace Fullerenes in Polymer Solar Cells (A*STAR)
  • 3.1.5 Graphene Oxide for Hole Transport in Polymer SC(N. Taiwan U, Imp.Col. London)
  • 3.1.6 Improved Electron Donor&Acceptor Organic Materials(Riken Lab,U. Tokyo, SIOC)
  • 3.1.7 Dependency of Voc on Electrodes in Layered & Bulk HJ Organic PV(NUS,A*STAR)
  • 3.1.8 Improving the Adhesion of Organic Liquid to Silicon
  • 3.1.9 Solar Cells of Organic Polymer Grown inside TiO2 Nanotubes (Argonne Nat. Labs)
  • 3.1.10 Improving Mixing of Polymer-Metal Oxide Solar Cells (EindhovenU and U of Ulm)
  • 3.1.11 Improving Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Using X-Ray Treatment (NIST)
  • 3.1.12 Organic PV Module on a Single Glass Substrate (Mitsubishi, AIST, Tokki)
  • 3.1.13 Organic Bulk Heterojunctions on TiO or ZnO to improve Efficiency (Intel)
  • 3.1.14 Copolymer Heterojunction with Fullerenes ( U. of Ca., St. Barbara, Gwangju, Laval)
  • 3.1.15 Improving Lifetime of Organic Solar Cells (IMEC and Cytec)
  • 3.1.16 Organic Solar Cells With Conjugated Molecules (d'Angers U. and Strasbourg U.)
  • 3.1.17 Organic Solar Cell Stability Extension (Konarka and Various Universities)
  • 3.1.18 Polymer with Included Silicon Atom to Improve Efficiency(UCLA,Solarmer Energy)
  • 3.1.19 Miniature Organic Solar Cells (U. of South Florida, New Energy Technologies)
  • 3.1.20 Hybrid Organic Material that Absorbs all Solar Wavelengths (Ohio State Univ.)
  • 3.1.21 Organic Solid State Solar Cell with very Pure C60 crystals (Osaka U.)
  • 3.1.22 Improving Efficiency of Conductive Plastic Solar Cells (Pusan Nat. U, U.of Calif.)
• 3.2 Companies With or Planning Production of Polymer Solar Cells
  • 3.2.1 Production Line for Polymer Solar Cells (Mekprint, Risoe TUD)
  • 3.2.2 Plastic Solar Cell with 7.9% Efficiency (Solarmer)
  • 3.2.3 Flexible Organic Thin Film Polymer-Fullerene Technology (Konarka)
  • 3.2.4 Organic Thin Film Semiconductor Solar Cell (Mitsubishi)
  • 3.2.5 Organic Dye Sensitized Cell using Rolled Printing & Gel Electrode(Dai Nippon)
  • 3.2.6 Plastic Substrate with Electroconductive Film & Ink Technology (Sumitomo)

4.0 Carbon Nanotubes in Solar Energy

• 4.1 Conductive Scaffolding of Carbon Nanotubes in PV Cell (A-Star, Nanyang Tech. U.)
• 4.2 Inexpensive Carbon Nanotubes for Solar Cells (U. of Wisconsin - Madison)
• 4.3 Carbon Nanotube Transistor Photodetectors (Sandia National Labs)
• 4.4 Ink with pure Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes (Cornell U., Dupont)
• 4.5 Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Solar Cells (Nippon Kayaku, Unidym)
• 4.6 Transparent Conductive Film with Nanotubes (Unidym)
• 4.7 Carbon Nanotube Towers for 100% Light Capture (Georgia Tech)
• 4.8 Conducting Properties of Carbon Fullerenes and Nanotubes (U. of Pittsburgh)
• 4.9 Arrays of Vertical Nanotubes for Low Reflectivity (Rensselaer, Rice U.)
• 4.10 Vertical Carbon Nanotubes to Improve Solar Cell Efficiency (U. of Notre Dame)

5.0 Silicon NanoWires to Improve Properties of Solar Cells

• 5.1 Harvesting Single Crystal Vertical Pillar Arrays
• 5.2 Vertical Silicon p-n Junction Wire Solar Cell (U. of California, Berkeley)
• 5.3 Flexible Silicon Wire Radial p-n Junctions (Calif. Inst. of Tech.)
• 5.4 Vertical Nanostructures to Improve Efficiency of Thin Film Si (Nanyang, ASTAR)
• 5.5 Co-Integration of Silicon Micro and Nanowires for Improving Efficiency(Hanyang U)
• 5.6 Crisscrossed Silicon Nanorod Solar Cells (Nat. Nano Dev., Nat. Formosa U., ITRI)
• 5.7 Research Project to Explore Silicon Nanowire Solar (Total SA and LPICM)
• 5.8 Solar Power Wires Using Organic Photovoltaic Material (Konarka)
• 5.9 Nanowires to Improve Light Absorption (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
• 5.10 Silicon Nanowires for Efficient Organic Solar Cells(Photonic Tech-Jena, Germany)

6.0 Other Material Nanowires for Solar Cells

• 6.1 Metal Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes (Ames Lab. and Iowa State U.)
• 6.2 "Sea Urchin" Shaped ZnO Solar Cell Absorbers (EMPA)
• 6.3 Organic Semiconducting Microwires for Printing (Stanford U. and Samsung)
• 6.4 Polymer Solar Cells with InP Nanowires to Improve Carrier Transport (U. of Calif.)

7.0 Nanocrystals and Quantum Dots for Solar Cells

• 7.1 Properties of Quantum Dot Solar Cells
  • 7.1.1 Fibrous Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell (Beijing Inst. Phy., U.of EC, PRESTO)
  • 7.1.2 Charge Transport Between PbS QD at 170 K (Solexant, U.CalifSC, UST Wuhan)
  • 7.1.3 Hot Electron Transfer from Semiconducting Nanocrystals
• 7.2 Solar Concentrators Using Quantum Dots
  • 7.2.1 Solar Concentrators using Quantum Dots (U. of Calif., Merced, Shrink Tech)
  • 7.2.2 Waveguide Technologies Using Glass Waveguide Plates (Morgan Solar)
  • 7.2.3 Waveguide Technologies Using Dye Coatings (Covalent Solar)
  • 7.2.4 Indium Nitride-Based Quantum Dots and Wells (Manolia Optical and Kopin Corp)
  • 7.2.5 Triple Junction Cells Using Quantum Dots (Cyrium Technology)
  • 7.2.6 Absorbing Different Wavelengths with Different Size Nano-Dots (U. of Notre Dame)
• 7.3 Nanocrystals/Quantum Dots for Increased Light Absorption in Solar Cells
  • 7.3.1 Silver Nanoparticles Increase Absorption of Polymer Solar Cells (Ohio State U.)
  • 7.3.2 Metallic Nanodiscs in Thin Film A-Silicon Solar Cells (Friedrich Schiller University)
  • 7.3.3 Using Metal Nanoparticles to Improve Light Capture in a Solar Cell (FOM Inst.)
  • 7.3.4 Quantum Dot Thin Film Coating for Solar Cell (Suntech Mentarix)
  • 7.3.5 Composite Thin Film with Nitrogen and CdSe Nanocrystals (U. of California)
• 7.4 Companies and Fabrication Methods for Nanocrystals and Quantum Dots
  • 7.4.1 Method for Making Precision Sized Nanocrystals
  • 7.4.2 Silicon Nanocrystal Based Silicon Ink Printing (Innovalight)
  • 7.4.3 Thin Film Quantum Dot Solar Cells (Hague/Solterra)
  • 7.4.4 InN Based Quantum Dot Solar Cell Technology (Kopin)

8.0 Multiple Exciton Generation in Quantum Dots

• 8.1 Multiple Electron-Hole Pair Generation in Carbon Nanotube Photodiodes (Cornell U.)
• 8.2 Colloidal Quantum Dot Photodetectors Using Multiexciton Generation ( U. of Toronto)
• 8.3 Multiple Exciton Generation in Quantum Dots (PULSE Labs/Stanford)
• 8.4 Multiple Transition PV Using Nano- Heterojunctions(U.of Del. and Georgia Tech.)
• 8.5 Using Multiple Exciton Generation (NREL)

9.0 Quantum Well Solar Cell Technology

• 9.1 High Efficiency Quantum Well Concentrator Solar Cells (QuantaSol)
• 9.2 Zinc Oxide on Silicon for Improved Collection Efficiency (Missouri U. of S&T)

10.0 Biological Solar Cells

• 10.1 Reconstituting a Biological Photosynthetic System
• 10.2 Nanostructured Coatings to Reduce Reflection in Solar Cells (DoE & U. of Florida)
• 10.3 PV Cell Using Photosynthesis for Production of Electricity (U. of Tel Aviv)

11.0 Various Emerging Solar Cell Technologies

• 11.1 Graphene Ribbon Heterojunctions (EMPA, Max Planck Inst.)
• 11.2 Silicon Nanoholes for Solar Cells(Beijing Normal U, COSDAF, City U Hong Kong)
• 11.3 Low Cost Solar Cell Made Using Earth-Abundant Materials
• 11.4 Flexible Solar Film for Skins of Airplanes (AFRL and U. of Washington)
• 11.5 Solar Cells Using the Nanoplasmonic Effect (Swinburne U. and Suntech)
• 11.6 Holographic Solar Concentrator Technology (Prism)
• 11.7 Silicon Foil Technology

Bibliography

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