Report: Trends in Solar Energy 

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Trends in Solar Cells and Photovoltaic Technology (2004 - 2012);  (updated September 2008)

Solar Market: This report provides an overview of the solar market from 2004 to 2012 including the market for solar photovoltaics in billions of dollars and the market and production of solar photovoltaics in megawatts (MW), cumulative installed solar power by major country, the cost of solar electricity over time, and the power efficiencies of different solar materials over time.

Solar Applications: Current solar projects and applications are discussed including solar roofs, solar security systems, solar powered radar sensors, and solar batteries. Solar consumer applications are also considered including solar clothing, golf bags, mobile phones, LCD monitors, and cars.

Solar Powered Generators and Power Plants: Current solar power plants in various countries are discussed along with the companies that are contracting for them and those building them. The technology that each uses is described.

Polysilicon Suppliers:  Market conditions and supply volumes for suppliers of polysilicon for solar cells are discussed by supplier and announced capacity plans are noted. The top eight polysilicon suppliers in 2007 are ranked by announced capacity.

Solar Photovoltaic Suppliers: There are over 56 companies making or developing solar cells with production imminent and many more in R&D and early development. The top five solar cell producers in 2007 by announced capacity are ranked and all 56 companies are discussed along with their technology and planned solar cell production volumes.

Photovoltaic Technology: Various techniques to improve the efficiency of silicon solar cells is included such as solar concentrators, improving the efficiency of dirty silicon, surface polarization, and multiband technology. Polymer and plastic solar cell technology is also discussed as is the generation of hydrogen from solar cells.

Emerging technologies: These include: organic dye sensitized solar materials, silicon nanorods for solar cells, silicon ink solar technology, electron carrier multiplication in nanocrystals, the use of nanoscale structures for solar absorption and collection, quantum dot solar technology, and carbon nanotube technology in solar energy. Thin film solar cell technology is discussed including CIS/CIGS films, inorganic film, amorphous silicon film, and flexible substrates.

Tool Makers: Manufacturers for solar wafer facilities and other solar equipment are discussed.

Funding and Policies: Private funding and government funding policies for most of the countries actively encouraging solar development are noted including: the various U.S. states, Australia, China, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Singapore.

250+ pages.

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Contents

I. Summary of Tables

II. Overview

III. 1.0 Overview of the Solar Market in 2004-2007

IV The Current World Market for Solar Photovoltaics

1.0 Overview of the World Market for Solar Photovoltaics

  • 1.1 World Market Revenues for Solar Photovoltaic Industry (B$)
  • 1.2 World Market Revenues for Solar modules ($B)
  • 1.3 Solar Module Price Learning Curve
  • 1.4 World Solar PV Power Market and Production (MW)
    • 1.4.1 World Solar PV Power Market (MW)
    • 1.4.2 World Solar PV Production by Year (MW)
    • 1.4.3 World Solar PV Market by Country (MW)
    • 1.4.4 Solar PV Production by Country (MW)
  • 1.5 Cumulative Installed Solar Power by Country (GW)
    • 1.5.1 Overview by Country (MW)
  • 1.6 Annual Solar Installations by Country
    • 1.6.1 U.S. Solar Installations in 2007
  • 1.7 Cost of Solar Electricity Over Time
    • 1.7.1 Cost of Solar Electricity Compared to Cost of the Power Grid
    • 1.7.2 Market Share and Costs of Different Types of Solar Cells
    • 1.7.3 Cost Per Watt of Electrical Power
    • 1.7.3 Cost of Power From Various Solar Engines
    • 1.7.3.1 Solar Thermal
    • 1.7.3.2 Stirling Engines
  • 1.8 Power Efficiencies of Different Solar Materials Over Time

2.0 Solar Projects / Applications

  • 2.1 Solar in the Building Industry
    • 2.1.1 Solar Roofs
    • 2.1.2 Solar Windows or Wall Board
  • 2.2 Solar Power Communications Systems for Emerging Markets
  • 2.3 Wireless Security Systems
  • 2.4 Solar Powered Radar Sensors
  • 2.5 Solar Battery Chargers
  • 2.6 Solar Powered Lighting
  • 2.7 Military and Space Applications
    • 2.7.1 Solar Cells to Power Space Craft
    • 2.7.2 Solar Powered Back Packs for Soldiers
    • 2.7.3 Solar Tents for Charging Field Equipment
  • 2.8 Consumer Applications
    • 2.8.1 Solar Clothing
    • 2.8.2 Solar Golf Bags
    • 2.8.3 Solar Powered LCD Monitors
    • 2.8.4 Solar Mobile Phones
  • 2.9 Solar in Automotive
    • 2.9.1 Solar Electric Car
    • 2.9.2 Solar to Power Auto Cabin Electronic Equipment
  • 2.10 Off-Grid Solar Power for Remote Regions
  • 2.11 General Solar Equipment
  • 2.12 Solar Usage In Public Utilities and Institutions
    • 2.12.1 Rutgers University
    • 2.12.2 Water Treatment During Daytime Loads

3.0 Solar Powered Generators and Power Plants

  • 3.1 Overview of Companies Planning and Building Solar Power Plants
    • 3.1.1 Companies Planning and Building Solar Power Plants ( > 20 MW)
  • 3.2 Solar Power Generating Plants Planned, in Development and in Production
    • 3.2.1 Abengoa Solar Generating Plant in Arizona Using Solar Trough Design
    • 3.2.2 Ausra Solar Concentrator Steam Generated Power Plant
    • 3.2.3 BrightSource Energy Solar Power Plant Using Heliostats
    • 3.2.4 California Edison
    • 3.2.5 Duke Energy Carolinas (North Carolina)
    • 3.2.6 EDF Energies Nouvelles (France)
    • 3.2.7 El Solutions (Energy Innovations / Idealab)
    • 3.2.8 En-Neo Energien
    • 3.2.9 Emcore /XinAo
    • 3.2.10 eSolar
    • 3.2.11 First Solar (U.S.)
    • 3.2.12 FPL Energy (Florida)
    • 3.2.13 Goldman Sachs
    • 3.2.14 GreenVolts Solar Generator Using Concentrator Technology
    • 3.2.15 Infinia Sterling Generators
    • 3.2.16 Kansai Electric and Sharp (Sakai, Japan)
    • 3.2.17 NanoSolar Thin Film Printed Solar Cell Generator
    • 3.2.18 OptiSolar
    • 3.2.19 PowerLight (SunPower) Sun-Tracking PV Power Plant
    • 3.2.20 REC/ HanBit Solar Power System in South Korea
    • 3.2.21 Rensselaer Institute Solar Panels Powering Thermoelectric Heat Pumps
    • 3.2.22 Sharp Small Solar Cell Power Plant Fed Into the Electrical Grid
    • 3.2.23 Solar Monkey
    • 3.2.24 SolarGenix/Shott Solar Thermal Parabolic Trough Power Plant
    • 3.2.25 Solar Systems (Australia)
    • 3.2.26 Sterling Energy Systems
    • 3.2.27 SunPower
    • 3.2.28 SunTechnics Sun-Tracking PV Power Plant
    • 3.2.29 SolFocus Concentrator Solar Plants
    • 3.2.30 Solel (Israel)
    • 3.2.31 Southern California Edison (California)
    • 3.2.32 Sun Edison (Oregon)
    • 3.2.33 XL Telecom and Energy of India (India)
    • 3.2.34 Torresol Energy

4.0 Circuitry for Solar Cell Generators

  • 4.1 Solar Cell Invertor Circuits
    • 4.1.1.Overview and Market for Solar Cell Invertors
    • 4.1.2 Current Source Flyback Inverter for Conversion from PV Array to Grid
    • 4.1.3 Discontinuous Conduction Mode for Current Source Flyback Inverter
    • 4.1.4 One Cycle Three Phase Grid Connected Inverter
    • 4.1.5 Inverter for PV Generators
    • 4.1.6 High Performance Stand-alone PV Generating System
    • 4.1.7 Grid Connected Hybrid Generation System
    • 4.1.8 Harmonic Compensator Scheme for Grid-Connected Inverters (Tech. U of Catalonia)
    • 4.1.9 MPPT System for Standalone PV Power Generation (Fed. U. of Tech., Curitiba)
    • 4.1.10 A Variable Step Size MPPT PV System (Huazhong, U. of Sci. & Tech.)
    • 4.1.11 Single Phase Grid Connected PV Central Inverters (U. Pol. Catalunya)
    • 4.1.12 Adaptive Reconfiguration To Reduce Shadow Effect (NE U., Boston)
    • 4.1.13 Transformerless 3-Phase Inverter for High Output Voltage PV System (U. of Kassel)
    • 4.1.14 Algorithm to Size Parallel dc/dc Converters for PV Systems (Heulva University)
  • 4.2 Other Circuits and Software for Solar Cell and PV Array Operation
    • 4.2.1 Circuit to Maximize Power Output of MultiPanel Systems in Shaded Conditions
    • 4.2.2 Software for Running a Large PV Array
    • 4.2.3 Repetitive Controller for Single Phase Photovoltaic System
    • 4.2.4 Low Power MOS Circuits for Battery and Solar Cell Operation
  • 4.3 Batteries and Battery-Related Circuits for Solar Power Systems
    • 4.3.1 Lithium Ion Back-up Battery (Sharp & ELIIY)
    • 4.3.2 Buck-Type DC-DC Control for a Parallel PV Battery Charger (Seoul Nat. U.)

5.0 Silicon for Solar Cells: Market Conditions and Suppliers

  • 5.1 Market Conditions for Silicon for Solar Cells
  • 5.2 Announced Capacity of Companies Supplying Polysilicon for Solar Wafers
  • 5.3 Companies Supplying or Planning to Supply Polysilicon for the Solar Market
    • 5.3.1 Becancour Silicon Inc. /Timminco
    • 5.3.2 DALI Polysilicon Co.
    • 5.3.3 DC Chemical (Korea)
    • 5.3.4 Dow Corning (U.S.)
    • 5.3.5 ESM (China)
    • 5.3.6 Estelux (SOLON Group)
    • 5.3.7 Glory Silicon (China)
    • 5.3.8 Green Energy Technology (Taiwan)
    • 5.3.9 Hemlock (U.S.)
    • 5.3.10 Hoku (U.S.)
    • 5.3.11 Hyundai Heavy and KCC Joint Venture
    • 5.3.12 Jupiter (Qingdao)
    • 5.3.13 LDK Solar (China)
    • 5.3.14 LSCS (China)
    • 5.3.15 Luoyang Zhonggui (China)
    • 5.3.16 Maharishi Solar (India)
    • 5.3.17 MEMC: (U.S.)
    • 5.3.18 Nitol Solar (Russia/Siberia)
    • 5.3.19 NorSun
    • 5.3.20 Prime Solar (Australia)
    • 5.3.21 PV Crystalox
    • 5.3.22 Renewable Energy Corp (REC) (Norway)
    • 5.3.23 Sailing New Energy Resources (China)
    • 5.3.24 Sichuan Xinguang (China)
    • 5.3.25 Sharp (Japan)
    • 5.3.26 Shin-Nihon (Japan)
    • 5.3.27 Shunda Holdings (China)
    • 5.3.28 Sodiff Advanced Materials (South Korea)
    • 5.3.29 Solaicx (U.S.)
    • 5.3.30 Suntech Power (China)
    • 5.3.31 M Setek (Japan)
    • 5.3.32 Umicore
    • 5.3.33 Wacker (Germany)
    • 5.3.34 IIS Material (Japan)
    • 5.3.35 Yingli Boading (China)
    • 5.3.36 Zhongneng (China)

6.0 Solar Wafer, Solar Cell and Components Suppliers

  • 6.1 Solar Cell Supplier Technologies
  • 6.2 Capacity Expansion Plans of Solar Cell Suppliers
  • 6.3 General Solar Cell Market Information by Vendor
  • 6.4 Solar Photovoltaics Vendors and Developers
    • 6.4.1 Arise Technologies
    • 6.4.2 ATS (Photowatt Technologies)
    • 6.4.3 Best Solar (China)
    • 6.4.4 BP Solar
    • 6.4.5 CaliSolar
    • 6.4.6 Canadian Solar
    • 6.4.7 ChinaLight Solar (China)
    • 6.4.8 Cypress/Sunpower
    • 6.4.9 DelSolar
    • 6.4.10 Energy Conversion Devices / United Solar Ovonic
    • 6.4.11 Energy Innovations
    • 6.4.12 Ersol Solar /Bosch
    • 6.4.13 E-Ton Solar Technology (Taiwan)
    • 6.4.14 EverQ
    • 6.4.15 Evergreen Solar (Massachusetts, U.S.)
    • 6.4.16 First Solar (U.S.)
    • 6.4.17 Gintech
    • 6.4.18 Golden Sun Solar (Fujian, China)
    • 6.4.19 Green Energy Technology (Taiwan)
    • 6.4.20 Hoku Scientific
    • 6.4.21 Hyundai (Korea)
    • 6.4.22 LDK Solar Hi-Tech: (China)
    • 6.4.23 JA Solar (China)
    • 6.4.24 International Power Group / GiraSolar
    • 6.4.25 Kyocera
    • 6.4.26 Maharishi Solar Technology (India)
    • 6.4.27 Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)
    • 6.4.28 Mosel Vitelic
    • 6.4.29 Moser Baer (India)
    • 6.4.30 Motech Industries
    • 6.4.31 Perfect Energy (China)
    • 6.4.32 PowerChip Semiconductor (Taiwan)
    • 6.4.33 Practical Instruments
    • 6.4.34 Prime Solar (Australia)
    • 6.4.35 Pythagoras Solar (Israel)
    • 6.4.36 Q-Cells (Germany)
    • 6.4.37 Qimonda (Germany)
    • 6.4.38 REC (Norway)
    • 6.4.39 Reliance Group (India)
    • 6.4.40 ReneSola Ltd.
    • 6.4.41 Samsung
    • 6.4.42 Sanyo Electric
    • 6.4.43 Schott Group and Schott Solar:
    • 6.4.44 Sharp
    • 6.4.45 Showa Shell Solar (Japan)
    • 6.4.46 Signet Solar
    • 6.4.47 Silicon Valley Solar (U.S.)
    • 6.4.48 Solarfun
    • 6.4.49 Solargiga Energy Holdings (Japan)
    • 6.4.50 Solaria (U.S.)
    • 6.4.51 Solar Morph (Singapore)
    • 6.4.52 Solar Semiconductor (India)
    • 6.4.53 Solarig (Spain)
    • 6.4.54 SolarWorld (U.S.)
    • 6.4.55 SpectraWatt (Intel Spin-off)(U.S.)
    • 6.4.56 Sumco (Japan)
    • 6.4.57 Sunergy (China)
    • 6.4.58 Suniva, Georgia U.S.
    • 6.4.59 Suntech, China
    • 6.4.60 SMIC, China
    • 6.4.61 Solartech Energy (Taiwan)
    • 6.4.62 Sunways (Germany)
    • 6.4.63 Solar Thin Films
    • 6.4.64. SunWell Solar (Taiwan)
    • 6.4.65 Tata BP Solar, India
    • 6.4.66 Trina Solar (China)
    • 6.4.67 United Microelectronics Corp. (UMC) / NexPower Technology
    • 6.4.68 Wacker- Schott
    • 6.4.69 Webel-Sl Energy Systems:
    • 6.4.70 XL Telecom and Energy
    • 6.4.71 Xerox and SolFocus
    • 6.4.72 Yingli Green Energy (China)
    • 6.4.73 1366 Technologies

7.0 Techniques To Improve The Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells

  • 7.1 Sunlight Concentrators To Improve Efficiency of Solar Cells
    • 7.1.1 Plastic Based Optics Concentrator (Solaria)
    • 7.1.2 High End Solar Cells with Optics (GreenVolts)
    • 7.1.3 High End Solar Cells with Lenses and Mirrors
    • 7.1.4 Heliotube Concentrator
    • 7.1.5 Energy Innovations Concentrator
    • 7.1.6 Emcore Concentrators
    • 7.1.7 Transparent Transistor Technology (Xtreme Energetics and HP)
  • 7.2 Passivated N-Type Silicon for Improved Efficiency
  • 7.3 Europium Shielded Solar Cells for Wavelength Conversion of UV to Visible Light
  • 7.4 N-Type Silicon Solar Cells with Aluminum Alloyed Rear Contacts (ECN Solar)
  • 7.5 GaAs Grown on Ge to Improve Conversion Efficiency (IMEC)
  • 7.6 Improving Efficiency Through Reducing Shading Effects (National Semi.)
  • 7.7 Texturing the Surface of the Cell to Maximize Light Collection (Kyocera)
  • 7.8 Back-Contact Thin Wafer (i-PERC) Process (IMEC)
  • 7.9 Selective Emitter Solar Cells (Sunergy)
  • 7.10 Improved Semiconductor Processing of Solar Cells (Mitsubishi)
  • 7.11 Improved Efficiency of Dirty Silicon (Fraunhofer Solar Institute)
  • 7.12 Multiband Semiconductor Technology (Rosestreet Labs)
  • 7.13 Solar Emitter Wrap-Through Design for Back Contact Solar Cells (Advent Solar)
  • 7.14 Surface Polarization To Improve Efficiency of Solar Cells (SunPower)
  • 7.15 Modeling to Improve Efficiency of Solar Cells
  • 7.16 Process Techniques to Lower the Cost of Solar Cells While Maintaining Efficiency
  • 7.17 Simple Process to Produce 50 um High Quality Substrates (IMEC)

8.0 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

  • 8.1 Market for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
  • 8.2 Introduction to Current Technology of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
  • 8.3 Tandem Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (AIST, Japan)
  • 8.4 Dye Sensitized Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing (Peccell Technologies)
  • 8.5 Dye Based PV With Platinum Nanodots and Organic Dye(Orion Solar, Bar-Ilan Univ.)
  • 8.6 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (G24 Innovations, U.K.)
  • 8.7 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells using Nanoparticles and Nanowires (Ohio State U.)
  • 8.8 Higher Efficiency Organic Dye Sensitized Solar Material (Chinese Academy of Science)
  • 8.9 Dye Sensitive Solar Cells ( Swiss Federal Institute )
  • 8.10 Dye Sensitized Cells with Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrix (Konarka)
  • 8.11 Paint-On Glass Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

9.0 Nanocrystals and Quantum Dots for Solar Cells

  • 9.1 Indium Nitride-Based Quantum Dots (Manolia Optical and Kopin Corp)
  • 9.2 Quantum Dot Thin Film Coating for Solar Cell (Suntech Mentarix)
  • 9.3 Silicon Nanocrystal Based Ink Printing (Innovalight)
  • 9.4 InN Based Quantum Dot Solar Cell Technology (Kopin)
  • 9.5 Triple Junction Cells Using Quantum Dots (Cyrium Technologies)
  • 9.6 Multiple Transition Solar Cells Using Nano-Structured Heterojunctions
  • 9.7 Composite Thin Film with Nitrogen and CdSe Nanocrystals (U. of California)
  • 9.8 Using Multiple Exciton Generation (NREL)
  • 9.9 Silicon Nanorods for Solar Cells (BP Solar, CalTech)
  • 9.10 Lead Sulfide Quantum Dot Solar Technology (Evident Technology)

10.0 Carbon Nanotubes in Solar Energy

  • 10.1 Arrays of Vertical Nanotubes for Low Reflectivity (Rensselaer, Rice U.)
  • 10.2 Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Solar Cells (Nippon Kayaku, Unidym)
  • 10.3 Carbon Nanotube Towers for 100% Light Capture (Georgia Tech)
  • 10.4 Vertical Carbon Nanotubes to Improve Solar Cell Efficiency (U. of Notre Dame)
  • 10.5 Carbon Nanotube Diode for Producing Solar Energy (GE Global Research)

11.0 Various Emerging Solar Cell Technologies

  • 11.1 Printed Silicon Ink Solar Technology (Innovalight)
  • 11.2 Nanoscale Structure for Solar Absorption and Collection (Solarity, NanoHorizons)
  • 11.3 Germanium Solar Cells (IMEC)
  • 11.4 Spherical Silicon Solar Cells
  • 11.5 Research in Flexible Substrates for Solar (ITRI)
  • 11.6 PV Cell Using Photosynthesis for Production of Electricity (U. of Tel Aviv)
  • 11.7 Nanowires of InP in Conjugated Polymer to Improve Carrier Transport

12.0 Thin Film Solar Cells, Materials and Market

  • 12.1 Thin Film Materials and Market Overview

13.0 Solar Cells Made With CIS/CIGS Films

  • 13.1 Market and Technology Overview of CIS/CIGS Films
  • 13.2 Production Capability Announced for CIS/CIGS Solar Cell Production
  • 13.3 Ascent Solar CIGS Solar Cells
  • 13.4 DayStar CIGS Photovoltaic Foil
  • 13.5 Global Solar Energy CIGS Solar Cells
    • 13.5.1 GSE CIGS Solar Cell Production
    • 13.5.2 GSE CIGS Solar Cell Technology
  • 13.6 HelioVolt CIGS Film Development
  • 13.7 Honda Motor CIGS Film
    • 13.7.1 Honda CIGS Solar Cell Production
    • 13.7.2 Honda CIGS Technology and Development
  • 13.8 IBM and Ohka Kogyo Low Cost CIGS
  • 13.9 NanoSolar CIGS Printed on Thin Polymer
  • 13.10 Showa Shell CIGS Solar Cells
    • 13.10.1 Showa Shell CIGS Solar Cell Production
    • 13.10.2 Shell Research CIS Film Development
  • 13.11 SoloPower CIGS Solar Cells
  • 13.12 Solyndra (Fremont, California)
  • 13.13 SulfurCell CIS/CIGS (Germany)
  • 13.14 AIST Institute of Japan CISG Solar Cell with 17.7% Conversion Efficiency

14.0 Thin Film Solar Cells Using Inorganic Materials

  • 14.1 Inorganic Thin Film with Nanoparticle Ink and Roll-to-Roll (Nanosys)

15.0 Cadmium Teluride and Other II-VI Thin Film Solar Cells

  • 15.1 Thin Film CdTe Technology (Calyxo /Q-Cells)
  • 15.2 CdTe with 10% Efficiency (First Solar)
  • 15.3 CdTe Encapsulates (Sunovia)

16 Thin Film Solar Modules Based on Amorphous Silicon

  • 16.0 Overview of Market for Tools Used in Making Amorphous Silicon
  • 16.1 Thin Film Amorphous Using Plasma Enhanced CVD Technology (Sencera)
  • 16.2 Thin Film Amorphous Polysilicon Solar Cells(Sharp)
    • 16.2.1 Double Layer Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (Sharp)
    • 16.2.2 Double Layer Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (Sharp)
  • 16.3 Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Technology (Schott)
  • 16.4 Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Technology (SolarMorph)
  • 16.5 Solar Amorphous Thin Film Technology (Oerlikon)
  • 16.6 Tandem Amorphous Solar Cells
    • 16.6.1 Best Solar (China)
    • 16.6.2 Golden Sun Solar (Fujian, China)
    • 16.6.3 Nex Power Technology (Taiwan)
  • 16.7 Triple Junction Amorphous Solar Panels (ECD/United Solar Ovonic)
  • 16.8 Green Energy Technology (Taiwan)
  • 16.9 T-Solar Global (Spain)
  • 16.10 Xinao (China)
  • 16.11 Moncada Energy
  • 16.11 Sun Well Solar (Taiwan)
  • 16.12 Thin Film Tandem Amorphous Silicon Solar Modules (X-sunX)
  • 16.13 Heterojunction Solar Cells
    • 16.13.1 Heterojunction between Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon
    • 16.13.2 High Efficiency Heterojunction Solar Cells (Akrion, CEA)
    • 16.13.3 HIT Solar Cell with Amorphous Silicon Layers (Sanyo)

17.0 Organic Polymer Printed Solar Cell Technology

  • 17.1 Overview
  • 17.2 Tandem Organic Roll-to-Roll Processing Solar Film (Mitsubishi)
  • 17.3 Organic Solid State Solar Cell with very Pure C60 crystals (Osaka U.)
  • 17.4 Organic Dye Sensitized Cell using Rolled Printing & Gel Electrode(Dai Nippon)
  • 17.5 Semiconducting Polymer Solar Cells (Plextronics)
  • 17.6 Conducting Polymer Production for Photodiodes (Nanoident Technologies)
  • 17.7 Improving the Efficiency of Conductive Plastic Solar Cells (Pusan Nat. U, U. of Calif.)
  • 17.8 Plastic Substrate with Electroconductive Film (Sumitomo)

18.0 Thin Film Roll-to-Roll PV

  • 18.1 PowerFilm Roll-to-Roll
  • 18.2 Uni-Solar/ECD a-Silicon Roll-to-Roll PV Cells

19.0 Solar Cells for Hydrogen Generation

  • 19.1 Hydrogen Generation Using CIGS Thin Film Technology
  • 19.2 Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays for Hydrogen Generation
  • 19.3 Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Materials with Flexible Conducting Substrate.
  • 19.4 Combination of PV Generating Electricity and H & O2 and Fuel Cell Using H & O2

20.0 Solar Equipment Tool, Process and Service Vendors and Markets

  • 20.1 Solar Equipment Tool Market
  • 20.2 Equipment Tool/Process Manufacturers for Solar Wafer Manufacturing Plants
    • 20.2.1 Overview of PV Equipment Tool and Process Market
    • 20.2.2 Akrion
    • 20.2.3 Applied Materials /Applied Films
    • 20.2.4 Amtech Systems/Tempress Systems
    • 20.2.5 Baccini (Spain)
    • 20.2.6 BTU International (Radiant Technology)
    • 20.2.7 Centrotherm (Germany)
    • 20.2.8 Dupont.
    • 20.2.9 Edwards Vacuum
    • 20.2.10 Flour Corporation
    • 20.2.11 Fujifilm Dimatix
    • 20.2.12 GT Equipment Technologies
    • 20.2.13 Hind High Vacuum
    • 20.2.14 JYT Corporation (China)
    • 20.2.15 KLA-Tencor
    • 20.2.16 Meyer Burger (Germany)
    • 20.2.17 Oerlikon Solar (Switzerland)
    • 20.2.18 Roth & Rau (Germany)
    • 20.2.19 Silicon Genesis
    • 20.2.20 Solland Solar
    • 20.2.21 Spire Solar
    • 20.2.22 Synova Laser MicroJet Technology Research
    • 20.2.23 Tokyo Electron
    • 20.2.24 Veeco
    • 20.2.25 XsunX
    • 20.2.26 Ulvac
  • 20.3 R&D Service Suppliers to the Solar Industry
    • 20.3.1 SVTC Solar
    • 20.3.2 Fraunhofer Institute of Solar Energy Systems
  • 20.4 Capital Cost of PV Wafer Facilities

21.0 Suppliers of Processes and Chemicals for the Solar Cell Industry

  • 21.1 Linde Group
  • 21.2 Singulus Technologies
  • 21.3 Solutia
  • 21.4 Sustainable Titania Technology
  • 21.5 Voltaix

22.0 Funding and Financial Strategies for Solar Energy Related Research

  • 22.1 Funding and Ownership of Rooftop PV Generators
  • 22.2 Cost Reduction and Market Strategies of Solar Cell Suppliers
  • 22.3. Venture Capital and Investment Funding
    • 22.3.1 Funding for HelioVolt
    • 22.3.2 Funding for Nanosolar
    • 22.3.3 SoloPower CIGS Solar Cells
    • 22.3.4 Ausra Solar
    • 22.3.5 GFI Energy LLC
    • 22.3.6 Infinia
    • 22.3.7 SolFocus
    • 22.3.8 Pythagoras Solar
    • 22.3.9 Konarka Technologies
    • 22.3.10 Innovalight

23.0 Governmental Policy and Funding

  • 23.1 U.S. Government Policy and Funding
    • 23.1.1 Overview of U.S. Potential for Using Solar Power Effectively
    • 23.1.2 National Renewable Energy Laboratory
    • 23.1.3 Underwriters Lab (UL)
    • 23.1.4 U.S. Department of Energy
    • 23.1.5 DARPA:
    • 23.1.6 In-Q-Tel (CIA):
    • 23.1.7 US. Air Force Research Lab (AFRL)
    • 23.1.8 U.S. Government Initiative for Alternative Energy including Solar
    • 23.1.9 U.S. Bureau of Land Management
  • 23.2 U.S. State Funding
    • 23.2.1 Arizona Electric Utility Mandate
    • 23.2.2 California
    • 23.2.2.1 California Solar Initiative
    • 23.2.2.2 California Utilities
    • 23.2.3 Idaho Solar Funding
    • 23.2.4 Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority (PEDA)
    • 23.2.5 New York
    • 23.2.6 Michigan
    • 23.2.7 Massachusetts
    • 23.2.8 Florida
  • 23.3 Funded University Research in the U.S.
  • 23.4 Abu Dhabi
  • 23.5 Australia Solar Cities Initiative
  • 23.6 Chinese Government National Renewable Energy Policy
  • 23.7 Europe
  • 23.8 Germany
  • 23.9 Greece Solar Procedures and Pilot Facility
  • 23.10 India Government Solar Energy Policy
  • 23.11 Israel
  • 23.12 Italian Government
  • 23.13 Japan Government Solar Energy Policy
  • 23.14 Korea Government Solar Energy Policy
  • 23.15 Singapore
  • 23.16 Spain

24.0 Renewable Energy Credits

  • 24.1 Intel

25.0 Photovoltaic Trade and Engineering Groups

  • 25.1 IPVEA
  • 25.2 European PV Assn.
  • 25.3 SEMI PV Group

Bibliography

 

I. Summary of Tables

    III

  • Table 1.1.1 Total World Energy Supply in 2004 Split by Type
  • Table 1.1.2 World Renewable Energy Supply Split by Type as of 2004 (%)
  • Table 1.1.3 Total Primary Energy Supply in 2005 (%t) [298]
  • Table 1.1.4 America's Power Generation From Renewable Resources in 2007[39]

    IV

  • Table 1.1.1 World Market for Solar Photovoltaics (B$)
  • Table 1.2.2 Worldwide Solar Module Market ($ billion)
  • Table 1.4.1.1 Total World Solar PV Power Market by Year (GW)
  • Table 1.4.2.1 Total World Solar PV Power Production by Year (MW)
  • Table 1.4.3.1 2006 and 2007 World PV Industry Market by Country (MW)
  • Table 1.4.3.2 Percentage of Various Regional Markets 2007- 2010 (%)
  • Table 1.4.4.1 Solar Cell Production and Market Share by Country in 2005/2006 ( MW)
  • Table 1.5.1 Cumulative Installed Solar Power by Country (GW)
  • Table 1.6.1.1 Projected Solar Energy Cost Over Time Solar and Grid ($/KW-hr)
  • Table 1.6.1.2 U.S. DOE Cost of Electricity RoadMap (Cents/KW-hr)
  • Table 1.6.2.1 Market Share of Different Solar Cell Types 2007 - 2013
  • Table 1.6.2.2 Market, Cost and Efficiency of Different Solar Cell Types in 2007
  • Table 1.6.2.3 January 2008 Retail Prices for Solar Panels by Type ($/W)]
  • Table 1.6.3.1 Sterling Engine vs. Grid Solar Power Cost in 2004
  • Table 1.7.1 Power Efficiency of Different Solar Cell Materials (2006)
  • Table 2.1 Solar Projects and Applications by Market Segment
  • Table 3.1.1 Companies Building Solar Power Stations by Technology and Location
  • Table 5.1.1 Polysilicon Production for Solar and Semiconductor Industries 2005-2007(K tons)]
  • Table 5.1.2 Solar Silicon Production Estimate for 2006 by Type (MW) [70]
  • Table 5.2.1 Vendors of Polysilicon with Announced Annual Capacity
  • Table 5.2.2 Top Eight Solar Polysilicon Vendors in 2007 by Announced Capacity (mt)
  • Table 6.1.1 Solar Cell Suppliers and their Technologies
  • Table 6.2.1 Announced Planned Capacity of Solar Cell Production Over Time (MW)
  • Table 6.3.1 Top 12 Solar Cell Suppliers by Announced Capacity 2007 & 2008 (MW)
  • Table 7.0 Techniques to Improve the Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells
  • Table 7.1.1 Companies With Solar Concentrator Technology
  • Table 8.1.1 Market for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Year (BYen/M $})
  • Table 13.1.1 Announced Production Capability for CIS/CIGS Solar Cells by Supplier (MW)
  • Table 19.1.1 Solar Equipment Market 2006, 2010 (B$)
  • Table 19.1.2 Vendors by Equipment Tool/Process for Solar Manufacture
  • Table 21.2.1 Solar America Cities

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